This post explores the main cell organelles, their functions, and highlights the key differences between plant and animal cells.

Crop production is a foundational discipline within agriculture, integral to feeding India’s large population and sustaining the national economy. For graduate students specializing in agriculture, an in-depth understanding of crop production principles is essential to innovate and optimize farming systems. This blog post explores the key principles that underpin successful crop production in the Indian context, combining scientific knowledge with practical agricultural pract

Agriculture is the cornerstone of India's national economy, supporting livelihoods, driving exports, and guaranteeing food security for more than a billion people. For agriculture graduate students, grasping the sector's diverse influence is vital—not just for their own personal and professional growth, but also for aiding in the larger vision of India's progress and sustainability. The Role of Agriculture in India's Economy Agriculture remains a crucial part of the Indian ec

There's a common misconception in interior design that to maintain a thriving indoor jungle, your home must be drenched in intense, direct sunlight. We often picture a south-facing solarium as the ideal environment for happy plants. However, here's the secret known to interior landscapers: diffused light is the "Goldilocks" zone. This is the ultimate in plant lighting. It's the soft, filtered illumination from an east-facing window or a bright room with sheer curtains. It's t

Pesticides  Pesticides are essential in contemporary agriculture, enabling farmers to safeguard crops against insects, fungi, and other pests. However, pesticides function differently and can generally be categorized into systemic and non-systemic (contact) types. What Are Systemic Pesticides? Definition Systemic pesticides are taken up by the plant and moved throughout its vascular system, including the xylem and/or phloem.   Mode of Action After entering the plant, the chem

Bordeaux mixture is a fungicide used to protect plants, particularly vines, from fungal diseases such as downy mildew, powdery mildew, and blight. It is made by mixing copper sulfate and lime (calcium hydroxide) in water. Here's how you can prepare it: Ingredients of Bordeaux Mixture - Copper sulfate (also known as bluestone): 100 grams - Lime (hydrated lime or calcium hydroxide): 100 grams - Water: 10 liters Tools - A bucket or container for mixing - A wooden stick or a plas

Apple is a member of family Rosaceae. Mostly apple cultivars are diploid, self incompatible and easily cross pollinated but some triploid and tetraploid cultivars are also available in the apple growing areas of the world.

Bahar treatment in guava cultivation is a time-tested technique that offers numerous benefits, from enhanced yield and improved fruit qualit

Membrane processing technology is a fascinating field that involves the use of semi-permeable membranes to separate substances based on...

This post provides comprehensive study materials to students on Plant Nursery Registration Act

Mist propagation is a fascinating and highly effective technique used by gardeners and horticulturists to propagate plants. This method...

Bud dormancy is a temporary suspension of visible growth of any plant structure containing a meristem, which is a group of cells that can...

Ethylene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name of ethylene is ethene. It is colourless gas which is higher than air at room temperature and soluble in water. The ancient Egyptians used to make the cut on figs to stimulate the ripening. Later on, it has been proved that ethylene production can be accelerated in plants by wounding the plant tissues. The ancient Chinese used to burn incense, a type of aromatic plant mat

The different vegetables are grown in different locations due to diversity in soil, climate, nutritive value and consumers preference. Vegetables are classified into different groups based on their botanical characteristics, nutritional value, culinary use and cultural preferences. The most common groups of vegetables are roots, tubers, bulbs, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. Each group has its own benefits and drawbacks for human health and the environment. For exam

Uttar Pradesh is located in the Northern India between latitude 240 to 310 and longitude 770 to 840 east. This Indian state occupies 9% area of India in which 16% population of the country resides. The total area of the U.P. is 240 928 sq km that have been divided into 76 districts 300 tehsils, and 813 community blocks. The total cultivated area of the state is 166.83 lakh ha and the gross cropped area is 255.24 lakh ha. The cropping intensity in the state is 153 percent. The

During post-green revolution era it is imperative to develop strategies that can sustain higher levels of production without an adverse affect on the environment because we need 29.2 million tonnes potato, 149.6 million tonnes vegetables and 83.9 million tonnes fruits and more quantity of food grains, pulses, edible oils, milk and meat by the year 2020 (Paroda and Kumar,2000) to feed growing population of India. In order to produce required quantity of edibles from the existi

Domestication is a process of bringing wild species of fruits under human management. The prehistoric human chose and domesticated the fruits based on their needs since antiquity and it was the first step in the development of cultivated plants including fruits. Domestication of fruits involves selection of superior species and elite clones, their propagation, cultivation, pruning and training, storage and processing. The fruit cultivation originated during 4000 to 3000 BCE.

The National Committee on Plasticulture Application in Horticulture (NCPAH) has defined mulching as ‘A process of covering soil around the plant root area with a view to insulating the plant and its roots from the effect of extreme temperature fluctuations’. The farmers have been using natural organic products of plant origin like paddy straw, sugarcane leaves, dry leaves, coconut leaves etc. to conserve the moisture in the soil since long term. Thus mulching can be defined a

The term horticulture has been derived from the Latin words ‘Hortus’ means garden and ‘cultura’ means cultivation. Thus, literary horticulture means garden cultivation. Modern horticulture is a branch of Agriculture which may be defined as science and art of cultivating, post-harvest handling and marketing of horticultural plants and products. The fruits, vegetables, spices, ornamental plants and medicinal and aromatic plants are mainly included under modern horticulture. Hor

Diversity in living things exists in nature and subtle differences are present even in clones. The orderly grouping of plants based on their resemblance is called classification. Like other individuals, grouping and naming of plants started in the primitive era based on their different uses in different cultures of the world. The horticultural plants can be classified into different groups as under: